Innate Immunity: This section highlights the body’s first line of defense against pathogens, which includes barrier defenses like skin and mucous membranes. The second line involves internal defenses, including inflammation, phagocytosis, and natural killer cells. It explains how these mechanisms work to fight off infection without prior exposure.
Adaptive Immunity: This section focuses on the body’s specific immune response.
It describes:
Humoral Immunity: This involves the production of antibodies by B cells. The diagram shows the structure of an antibody and explains the different types of antibodies (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE) along with their functions.
Cell-mediated Immunity: This involves T cells, which directly attack infected cells or destroy pathogens. The diagram highlights the different types of T cells (Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, and Suppressor T cells) and their roles within the immune response.
Complement Cascade: This section outlines the complement system, a vital part of the innate immune response that directly kills microbes and enhances other immune responses.
Haemapoietic Stem Cell Differentiation: This section details the process of differentiation within the bone marrow, where specialized immune cells (like leukocytes) are produced.
Antigenic Determinants or Epitopes: This section explains how antigens are recognized by the immune system. It also defines the different types of epitopes (isotype, allotype, and idiotype) and their characteristics.
